Armed drone aircraft have been operated remotely from Britain for the first time, the Ministry of Defence has said.
It said Reaper drones had flown missions controlled from RAF Waddington, Lincolnshire, where campaign groups are expected to protest against the practice later.
The MoD said it respected people's rights to protest peacefully.
The drones are mainly used for surveillance, but could use weapons if commanded to by their pilots in the UK.
The MoD has defended its use of drones in Afghanistan, which it says have saved the lives of countless military personnel and civilians.
The RAF is not keen on the term 'drone'. It prefers the use of 'Remotely Piloted Air Systems', RPAS, to make clear that these are not autonomous systems: they still need a human being to fly and command the mission - and crucially, decide whether or not to use weapons, and whether a strike can take place under the UK's rules of engagement.
But drones are playing an increasingly important role in air warfare and air support, with many saying the Joint Strike Fighter - currently being developed in the US - is likely to be the last manned fighter aircraft bought by the UK.
After that, there will be no more 'magnificent men in their flying machines'.
The 10 Reaper aircraft are all based in Afghanistan to support UK and coalition forces and can carry 500lb bombs and Hellfire missiles for strikes on insurgents.
They are piloted remotely, but launched and landed with human help at Kandahar airbase.
BBC defence correspondent Caroline Wyatt says the "overwhelming majority" of missions the British drones are used for involve surveillance.
She says the MoD told her British drones are not being used for targeted assassinations, unlike the Predator drones used by the US in places such as Pakistan.
The MoD says that when weapons are used, the same rules of engagement are followed that govern the use of weapons on manned aircraft.
Previously RAF personnel would control the drones from Creech Air Force Base, in Nevada, US.
In October last year, the RAF created 13 Squadron based at RAF Waddington south of Lincoln, where about 100 personnel include pilots, systems operators and engineers that control missions over Afghanistan.
In a statement issued on Thursday, the RAF said it had commenced supporting the International Security Assistance Force and Afghan ground troops with "armed intelligence and surveillance missions" remotely piloted from RAF Waddington.
Several anti-war groups including CND, War on Want, the Drone Campaign Network, and the Stop the War coalition have planned a march and rally outside RAF Waddington on Saturday.
Campaigners say the switching of control of flights to the UK marks a "critical expansion in the nation's drones programme".
They are calling on the government to abandon the use of drones, claiming they make it easier for politicians to launch military interventions, and have increased civilian casualties.
March routeChris Nineham, vice-chairman of the Stop the War Coalition, said: "I think people feel that there is something sinister and disturbing about the idea that someone can attack a foreign country thousands of miles away with, simply, the push of a button and this technology that is being introduced is giving carte blanche to governments to fight wars behind the backs of people with no public scrutiny or accountability.
"That's the fundamental problem."
The route of the march from South Common along the A15 to the peace camp site opposite RAF Waddington will see the road closed in phases to limit inconvenience to motorists.
An MoD spokesman said: "We fully respect people's right to protest peacefully and within the law and would do nothing to prevent members of the public exercising their right to peaceful protest.
"Nevertheless, we have a duty to protect public property, and to ensure that we meet our operational needs.
"The MOD has a duty to maintain security at all defence installations and uses all lawful means to do so, including the right to seek injunctions against any person who persists in trespassing on MOD property."
| Eyes in the sky | ||
|---|---|---|
| MQ-1B Predator | MQ-9 Reaper | |
| Armed reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition | Primary function | Hunter-killer weapon system |
| 16.8m (55ft) | Wingspan | 20.1m (66ft) |
| 8.2m (27ft) | Length | 11m (36ft) |
| 204kg (450lb) | Payload | 1,701kg (3,750lb) |
| 135-217kph (84-135 mph) | Cruise speed | 370kph (230mph) |
| 1,240k, (770 miles) | Range | 1,850k (1,150 miles) |
| Two Hellfire missiles | Weapons | Combination of Hellfire, Paveway II and GBU-12 JDAM |
| Two: one pilot and one sensor operator; plus a mission co-ordinator when required | Crew | Two: one pilot and one sensor operator; plus a mission co-ordinator when required |
| $20m per system (includes four aircraft, ground control station and satellite link) | Unit cost | $53.5m per system (includes four aircraft, ground control station and satellite link) |
| 130 - | Active force - USAF RAF | 47 5 - rising to 10 in 2013 |
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