More than a third of people in England and Wales have no idea if there is a police and crime commissioner (PCC) in their area, a BBC poll suggests.
The findings, published a year after the first PCC elections were held, indicate that 35% do not know if they have one, while 3% think - incorrectly - that they do not.
The PCC's role is to oversee chief constables and forces' budgets.
Last year's election saw an average turnout of just 14.9%.
This was historically low, leading the Electoral Commission to describe it as "a concern for everyone who cares about democracy".
There are 41 PCCs in place in all areas of England and Wales except London, where the equivalent job is done by elected mayor Boris Johnson.
Influenced by systems in place in parts of the US, their biggest tasks are to hire and fire chief constables and hold them to account for forces' performances.
They also oversee community safety and set out budgets, reporting annually on progress.
'Accessible'The government says PCCs will give people more control over policing, but opponents have warned the changes will politicise the service - and that the low turnout showed people did not want them.
A ComRes poll for the BBC suggests 38% of people living in areas where there are PCCs either do not know if there is one, or think that there is not.
Some 62% were aware of their existence and 7% said they even knew the name of their PCC.
Meanwhile, 41% said they had had a positive effect on policing and 10% negative.
Older people had the greatest awareness of PCCS, with 68% of over-65s saying they knew they had one, compared with 51% of 18- to 24-year-olds.
At the first elections, held on 15 November last year, turnout varied from 11.6% in Staffordshire to 20% in Northamptonshire.
The previous record low turnout for a national poll in peacetime was 23% for the 1999 European elections.
But Home Secretary Theresa May said at the time that PCCs' profile would increase over time: "The police and crime commissioners are visible. They'll be accessible. They've been elected and crucially they will be accountable to people through the ballot box."
ComRes interviewed 1,551 adults aged 18 and above by telephone between 18 and 27 October. The results were weighted to be representative of all British adults.
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