Licences to export arms worth millions of pounds to Russia remain in place despite fears Moscow is arming rebels in Ukraine, MPs have said.
Separatists are suspected of shooting down a Malaysia Airways plane, but a committee said licences for the sale of arms, including components for anti-aircraft guns, remained in force.
No 10 said the UK had not sold arms to Russia's armed forces since March.
MPs are seeking urgent clarification on the UK government's position.
The PM has criticised other EU countries' arms deals with Moscow, and his spokesman has said the arms export licences still in place are for "non-military legitimate reasons".
The cross-party Commons Committees on Arms Export Controls said only 31 UK licences had been halted or suspended.
Permits covering sniper rifles, night sights, and components for air-to-air missiles, anti-aircraft guns, combat helicopters, depth charges and rocket launchers, remained in force, it said.
Exports of small arms ammunition, gun mountings, body armour, military communications equipment and "equipment employing cryptography" are also still permitted, the committee added.
A total of 251 licences worth at least £132m remained in force, it said.
The government said it was keeping all licences under review and the majority of licences that remained in place were for "commercial use".
The disclosure comes after David Cameron strongly criticised European countries such as France which are continuing to pursue defence sales to Russia despite Moscow's backing for the separatists.
But France's Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius hit back on Monday, suggesting Britain should look at the number of Russian oligarchs in London before criticising his country.
Moscow's support for pro-Russian groups in Ukraine has come under renewed scrutiny after the fatal crash of Malaysian airliner MH17 with 298 people on board, which the UK and US believe was shot down by a surface-to-air missile launched from a rebel-held area.
The prime minister has said EU nations should consider stopping all military sales to Russia, while Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond said an embargo on future arms contracts was under consideration following a meeting in Brussels on Tuesday.
'Grossly inaccurate'Sir John Stanley, the Conservative MP who heads the committee, said the relatively small number of licences which had been withdrawn reflected the "circumscribed" nature of the UK's moratorium, which he said referred only to equipment which could be deployed against Ukraine and did not cover Russia's wider defence needs.
While he said that Britain had been in the vanguard of European countries in taking action to curb defence sales to Russia, it had still not gone far enough.
"Russia is an authoritarian regime. We should have been applying a more cautious approach for some time in regard to Russia," he said.
Sir John has written to Mr Hammond asking if he will be suspending or revoking the remaining licences.
The committee also strongly criticised the award of licences for the export of chemicals which could be used in the manufacture of chemical weapons to Syria.
It said the award by the previous Labour government of five licences for the export of sodium fluoride had been "highly questionable", while the decision of the current government to issue a further two licences for sodium and potassium fluoride after the civil war had begun was irresponsible.
It said that the current government's claim that it had no grounds to refuse the licences was "grossly inaccurate".
'Clear risk'The committee - which is made up of the Commons foreign affairs, defence, international development and business, innovation and skills committees - also expressed concern ministers had watered down their policy on the export of equipment to countries where there were concerns it could be used for internal repression.
It said that a "broad" test that an export licence should not be issued if there was "concern" the equipment could be used for internal repression had been dropped from the latest set of government guidelines issued earlier this year, and only the "narrow" test that there had to be a "clear risk" of repression remained.
A government spokesman said the UK aimed to operate one the most robust and transparent export control systems in the world, and that "every application is examined rigorously against internationally-recognised criteria and particular attention is paid to human rights risks".
The spokesman then gave further details of the UK's equipment sale policy with Russia, saying:
- This government has never exported missiles or missile parts to the Russian military
- The UK has granted an export licence for the Brazilian navy which enables their vessels to be repaired in Russia. This includes components for navy vessel missile launchers but these are exclusively for use by the Brazilian navy and not by Russian forces
- In March the then Foreign Secretary William Hague announced the suspension of all export licences to the Russian armed forces for any equipment that could be used against Ukraine
- The committee's report covers exports in 2013 before the suspension was in place and the majority of export licences still in place for Russia are for commercial use, but all licences are being kept under review
- This government has not approved any licences for the export of rifles or ammunition to the Russian military. Export licences for rifles and ammunitions cover hunting and sporting rifles supplied to private individuals and to authorised dealers for resale
- Ministers do not believe there is a credible risk that these weapons will be diverted for use by the Russian military
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