The British troops who died in Afghanistan will never be forgotten, the prime minister has said at the end of the UK's 13-year military campaign.
The last British base, Camp Bastion, was handed over to Afghan security forces in a ceremony on Sunday.
David Cameron tweeted: "We will always remember the courage of those who served on our behalf".
But former deputy prime minister Lord Prescott has questioned whether the results "justified" the 453 UK deaths.
The union flag was lowered at the ceremony at Camp Bastion in Helmand province on Sunday morning, while Camp Leatherneck - the adjoining US base - was also handed over to Afghan control.
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"13 years of war haven't ended in victory for either side" the BBC's John Simpson concludes
The UK forces were part of a US-led coalition which toppled the ruling Taliban in 2001, following the 9/11 attacks, and Bastion has been the UK's main Afghan base since 2006.
The Chief of the Defence Staff, Gen Sir Nick Houghton, said the UK's armed forces had "played a hugely significant role in delivering a security legacy for the people of Afghanistan".
The UK's most senior officer in Helmand, Brig Rob Thomson, said Sunday's ceremony marked the "final step in a deliberate, responsible and measured handover" to the Afghans.
He told the BBC: "There is regret over every single serviceman who has lost their life in this country and all those who have been wounded and we hold them in our hearts to the very end of our days.
"But what I can tell every single member of the armed forces who served here and every single family who have sent their loved ones here is that we have made a difference."
Writing in the Daily Mirror Lord Prescott, who was in the cabinet that sent British troops to Afghanistan in 2001, said he "gratefully welcomed" the return home of service personnel.
"I respect the thousands of gallant men and women who went to Afghanistan and Iraq to save lives and restore peace," he said.
"But they teach us that being the world's policeman carries a heavy price and does not justify the heavy loss of lives."
Not 'walking away'Defence Secretary Michael Fallon told the BBC that troops were coming home with their "heads held high", having helped make Afghanistan a "much better place".
He said the country was no longer a "safe haven" for extremist group al-Qaeda and Afghans now had a "chance of a better future".
He said there was "no guarantee" Afghanistan would "be safe and stable forever" but the Afghan government now had 300,000 soldiers and police officers.
Asked if the Afghan army might collapse, as parts of the Iraqi army did in the face of Islamic State militants, Mr Fallon said Iraq's forces were "seen as sectarian" while the Afghan army had the "support of the whole population".
He said the UK was not "walking away entirely" and would continue to give help and support, including financial aid and military training.
Continue reading the main storyLabour leader Ed Miliband said: "All those who served did so to help ensure Afghanistan could no longer be used as a safe haven for terrorists."
Rear Adm Chris Parry, who helped plan the role of UK troops in Afghanistan, told the BBC that Britain's involvement had been "worth it", saying the country was now "more stable", was improving economically and had 40% more children going to school.
Jack Straw, foreign secretary from 2001-06, said the UK had been wrong to lead international efforts against Afghanistan's opium trade.
He told the Times it had been "very much a diversion", adding: "You have got to make a choice about which front you fight on."
In 2001, then prime minister Tony Blair said more than 90% of the UK's heroin came from Afghanistan's opium poppies.
He said the Taliban was "funded by the drugs trade" and it was "another part of their regime we should seek to destroy."
A US report last week suggested Afghan opium cultivation had increased significantly since 2001 and hit record levels last year, with 209,000 hectares of opium poppies grown.
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