The GMB union is to cut the affiliation funds it gives Labour from £1.2m to £150,000 in the wake of a row over reforms, it has announced.
The union said there would also be cuts in spending on Labour campaigns.
The changes will take effect from the start of next year.
It comes ahead of Ed Miliband's move to reform union funding so individual union members have to opt in to support the party, rather than being automatically affiliated.
Currently unions are easily Labour's biggest donors. Of the £3.14m the party received in the three months from April to June, the GMB gave £486,000.
'Dream on'The five biggest union donations - from Unite, the GMB, Unison, Usdaw and the Communication Workers Union - came to £2.27m in total.
Analysis
Ed Miliband knew his decision to change the way unions work with the party would cost Labour money.
Labour hoped it would give it a bigger, more active membership even as it hit its funding.
For now the party seems set to suffer the financial pain before it enjoys any gain.
Today's announcement is not a total surprise. Paul Kenny of the GMB made his doubts about Mr Miliband's plans very plain.
But the timing changes things.
The GMB has decided not to wait for Labour to decide on the details of its new arrangements before it makes its big funding decision.
As we enter the conference season, that may encourage other unions to do likewise.
The GMB said its decision to reduce its funding for Labour reflected its estimate of the number of union members who would be willing to affiliate themselves to it individually following Mr Miliband's change.
At the moment the union automatically affiliates 420,000 of its members to Labour, at £3 each per year,
It estimates about 50,000 of the 650,000 GMB members would actually choose to affiliate with Labour. This figure is derived from the number who took part in the Labour leadership contest in 2010, it said.
The move comes despite Mr Miliband's plea to unions to campaign to get their members to sign up.
But shadow Treasury minister Rachel Reeves told BBC Radio 4's Today programme: "Most of the money that the Labour Party receives comes from ordinary donations. Of course we welcome the support we get from the trade unions, but this is a decision for the GMB."
She added: "I'm confident more people will sign up and get involved in the Labour Party and get out campaigning."
A GMB source said the idea many more members might to choose to join Labour was "fantasy land... dream on".
LABOUR'S BIGGEST DONORS - APRIL TO JUNE 2013
- Unite - £772,000
- GMB - £486,000
- Unison - £458,000
- Usdaw - £411,000
- Communication Workers Union - £143,000
- Source: Electoral Commission
A statement from the union expressed "considerable regret about the apparent lack of understanding the proposal mooted by Ed Miliband will have on the collective nature of trade union engagement with the Labour Party".
It said a further source "of considerable regret... is that the party that had been formed to represent the interest of working people in this country intends to end collective engagement of trade unions in the party they helped to form".
BBC chief political correspondent Norman Smith said the union hoped the pre-emptive move would help protect its political fund, which members are due to be balloted on next year.
The concern was that if GMB members felt the union was still giving large sums of money to the Labour Party, they might vote to scrap the political fund altogether.
The political fund is used for broader campaigning issues.
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